Features of information systems
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Data
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Data needs to be inputted into an information system so it can be
managed and processed. Once processed the end product is information, this is
the output. Data is generated by all departments and functions of a business
but also received via external sources. Data must be accurate or else the
output information will be wrong.
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People
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People are involved in obtaining data and processing it to create
information for specific purposes relevant to the business. Staff need to
have the correct training and skills to get the most out of information
systems and make them effective employees.
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Hardware
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The hardware used in information systems must be capable of the
software used in the business as well as handle the mass amount of data and
information processed through it and stored on it.
The hardware must be up to date to enable fast capture, storage and
use of data.
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Software
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Software used by the business and its staff must have the correct
features and functionality needed to produce and use information created by
the business.
It must also have the correct features to enable staff to correctly
and efficiently do their job such as analysing and processing data and
reports.
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Telecommunications
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Any output information produced will need to be shared around the
business as it will be used for different purposes.
Telecommunications need to be effective to ensure that data and
information is transferred and distributed to the correct destinations after
processing.
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Functions of information systems
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Information systems perform functions such as gathering input data,
storing it, processing it and then producing output information. They also
control this information flow as well as the feedback loop. There are also
open and closed systems.
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Input
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Input with an information system has 2 different sections.
Detailed data that is stored and processed creates the output.
The user must specify to the system what sort of analysis they want the
system to do.
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Storage
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Data should be stored at the most detailed level possible. IT
departments may choose to store data of various summaries and should
regularly backup data to avoid losing important data due to errors, these
backups should also be stored in a geographically separate location to avoid
a disaster (fire or flood etc…) affecting both the original data storage and
the backup data storage.
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Processing
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This process is the function that transforms data into information.
Simple processing would be
simply adding up the number of items sold by the business by a variable, such
as the store location, the product or the time or date.
Complex processing is the function of a computer performing
calculations and making assumptions about any missing data to create the
information from the data available.
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Output
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Output can be in 2 separate forms, graphical and textual.
Graphical is often used to view information on a larger scale and
presented as charts, graphs, diagrams and pictures.
Textual is used to view the information on a smaller and more
detailed scale, to do this it’s presented as charters, text or numbers.
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Control and feedback loops
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Control/Feedback loop is what happens to output once it has been
processed and produced. The system repeats the same sequence depending on the
output of the last loop, it has an effect on the input of the next data to
information loop.
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Closed and open systems
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Information systems can be defined as open or closed systems, the
difference being how they reacts and interacts to their environments.
Open systems fully interact with its environment and can handle
unexpected events because it monitors the environment, meaning it can adapt
the output depending on circumstances.
Closed systems are vastly separated and secluded from their
environment meaning they don’t interact with it much. Any interaction will be
planned and predicted beforehand or even as an automated process. It operates
via triggers and acts according to events. They do not have an effect on
external environments.
An example of a closed system would be a payroll calculator that is
automatic and is triggered by an event, such as payroll day.
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Wednesday, 8 October 2014
P4 describe the features and functions of information systems
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